Developing an IoT-Based Multi-Sensor System for Real Time Fire Detection and Spatial Analysis to Improve Campus Safety
Khairul Nizam Abdul Maulud
Civil Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Malaysia
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Brief Bio
Sr Ts. Gs. Dr Khairul Nizam Abdul Maulud is an Assoc. Prof. at the Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). He was also appointed as a Deputy Executive Director (Sustainability), UKM Strategy Center, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Previously, he was the Head of Earth Observation Centre, Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. He joined Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia in 2001 after completing his B.Sc. in Geoinformatics from the University of Technology, Malaysia. He received his M.Sc in Geoinformatics from the University of Technology, Malaysia and PhD in Civil & Structural from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Currently, he has published more than 151 journal papers, 44 books and book chapters in book and 99 proceedings in national and international proceedings. He has been involved as a principal researcher and consultant works for more than 100 research grants, 46 consultant works in Malaysia. To date, he has supervised 36 PhD students, 15 Master's Students and 38 bachelor's degrees. His expertise is a Geospatial Technology, GIS and Geomatic and has almost 23 years of experience in research and consultancy. He has successfully completed almost 23 water-related projects including sea-level rise, geospatial analysis, landuse changes, water quality, shoreline erosion, water management using GIS and Coastal Vulnerability Index. He has received a Australia Awards Fellowship from Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) Australia and has undergone a fellowship program at the University of Technology Sydney, Australia. He now led high-impact research on climate change, especially on the physical and economic impacts. He also is an expert panel for the government of Malaysia, especially in coastal geomorphology, geospatial analysis and spatial water quality analysis. He is very active as an evaluation panel for research grants at the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation and the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia.
Abstract
Since the year 2000, the smart city concept has been integrated into university campuses to address shared challenges in providing safe and comfortable environments for occupants. However, campuses face unique risks, such as high usage of paper-based products and combustible amenities, which can lead to severe fire incidents. Fire statistics from local university campuses have shown significant losses from such events. Conventional fire alarms on campuses have limitations, including a lack of real-time alerts during fire hazards and a focus on single sensing. Therefore, enhancing traditional fire alarms with a multi-sensor system is necessary. This study aims to develop an Internet of Things (IoT)-based sensor for real-time detection, alerting and notification of campus building stakeholders, utilizing IoT, wireless sensor networks (WSN) and a cloud database. The IoT-based sensor incorporates temperature, humidity, smoke, and flame sensors, with data stored in ThingSpeak, serving as a sensor visualization hub. Five simulations, based on fire ignition probabilities and building attributes, were conducted to assess the prototype's functionality, using geospatial tools for data analysis. Establishing a smart campus has become appealing with essential technologies such as IoT, WSN, cloud computing, and AI, leading to innovations in fire detection and safety measures integration. However, ensuring campus safety requires state-of-the-art sensors integrated with IoT technology and spatial-based analysis techniques. This study not only focuses on sensor development but also employs geospatial software analysis for spatial data quantification and identification of key sensor characteristics, aiding future analysis.