GISTAM 2016 Abstracts

Area 1 - Data Acquisition and Processing
Full Papers Short Papers
Area 2 - Remote Sensing
Full Papers
Area 3 - Modeling, Representation and Visualization
Full Papers Short Papers
Area 4 - Knowledge Extraction and Management
Full Papers Short Papers
Area 5 - Domain Applications
Short Papers

Area 1 - Data Acquisition and Processing

Full Papers
Paper Nr: 14
Title:

Kalman Filter as Tool for the Real-time Detection of Fast Displacements by the Use of Low-cost GPS Receivers
Authors:

Paolo Dabove and Ambrogio Maria Manzino
Abstract: In this paper the problem of landslide monitoring and deformation analysis using the Kalman filter and results obtained from a GPS mass-market receiver in real-time is addressed. Landslide monitoring and deformation analysis are relevant aspects about the safety of human life in any terrain where landslides can impact human activity. It is therefore necessary to monitor these effects in order to detect and prevent these risks. Very often, most of this type of monitoring is carried out by using traditional topographic instruments (e.g. total stations) or satellite techniques such as GNSS receivers, and many experiments were carried out considering these types of mass-market instruments. In this context it is fundamental to detect whether or not deformation exists, in order to predict future displacement. Filtering means are essential to process the diverse noisy measurements (especially if low cost sensors are considered) and estimate the parameters of interest. In this paper a particular version of Kalman Filter is considered in order to understand if there are any displacements from a statistical point of view in real time. The tests, the algorithm and results are herein reported.
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Paper Nr: 19
Title:

edpMGB - A Metadata Editor Built as SaaS for the Brazilian Geospatial Metadata Profile
Authors:

Marcos Montanari, Vitor Dias, Eduardo Lourenço and Jugurta Lisboa-Filho
Abstract: Aiming to encourage the reuse and prevent wasting resources in the production of spatial data, in 2008, the Brazilian government edited Act 6,666, instituting the National Spatial Data Infrastructure (Infraestrutura Nacional de Dados Espaciais - INDE). To meet the need of geospatial data documentation, the INDE defined the Brazilian Geospatial Metadata (MGB) profile based on ISO 19115:2003. This paper describes the development of edpMGB, a metadata editor for the MGB profile. The editor is open-source and is being released in the cloud via Web following the Software as a Service (SaaS) model, so it can be accessed from any point on the Internet, requiring only a Web browser. This editor was developed on the scope of the research and development project (R&D) Geoportal Cemig – SDI-based corporate GIS (Geoportal Cemig - SIG corporativo baseado em IDE), whose objective is the implementation of a corporate SDI for the Minas Gerais Power Company (Companhia Energética de Minas Gerais - Cemig).
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Paper Nr: 25
Title:

Structure Occupancy Curve Generation using Geospatially Enabled Social Media Data
Authors:

Samuel Toepke
Abstract: Human-use statistics of an occupied building are critical for resource consumption planning, emergency/crisis response, and long-term community design. Without an active access-control policy, it is difficult to get an accurate measure of the spatiotemporal occupancy of a building during use hours. This research presents a novel method of estimating building use patterns, based on freely available and volunteered data from social media. Modern social media services such as Twitter and Instagram give users the ability to create geospatially enabled posts, submitted using pervasive computing devices. By applying geofencing to the pertinent social media data, an aggregate estimate of 24-hour use can be generated for a structure. Using geospatial data from the aforementioned social media services, steps for gaining the aggregate building occupation estimations are delineated, several high-traffic buildings are selected as use cases, and results/follow-on work are discussed.
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Paper Nr: 27
Title:

DISTL: Distributed In-Memory Spatio-Temporal Event-based Storyline Categorization Platform in Social Media
Authors:

Manu Shukla, Ray Dos Santos, Andrew Fong and Chang-Tien Lu
Abstract: Event analysis in social media is challenging due to endless amount of information generated daily. While current research has put a strong focus on detecting events, there is no clear guidance on how those storylines should be processed such that they would make sense to a human analyst. In this paper, we present DISTL, an event processing platform which takes as input a set of storylines (a sequence of entities and their relationships) and processes them as follows: (1) uses different algorithms (LDA, SVM, information gain, rule sets) to identify events with different themes and allocates storylines to them; and (2) combines the events with location and time to narrow down to the ones that are meaningful in a specific scenario. The output comprises sets of events in different categories. DISTL uses in-memory distributed processing that scales to high data volumes and categorizes generated storylines in near real-time. It uses Big Data tools, such as Hadoop and Spark, which have shown to be highly efficient in handling millions of tweets concurrently.
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Paper Nr: 35
Title:

Finding Most Frequent Path based on Stratified Urban Roads
Authors:

Enquan Ge, Jian Xu, Ming Xu, Ning Zheng, Weige Wang and Xinyu Zhang
Abstract: The path query based on big trajectory data has become a promising research direction due to the rapid development of the Internet. Previous studies mainly focus on searching paths in full road network and ignore the importance of stratified urban roads. It is observed that higher-level roads gather more trajectory points which means most drivers prefer the high-level road. In this paper, we study a new path query to find the most frequent path (MFP) based on road levels in large-scale historical trajectory data. We refer to this query as most frequent path based on road levels (RLMFP). Intuitively, selecting roads which are in line with local custom and choosing high-level roads such as high-way are people’s two common sense notions. Our query not only satisfies aforementioned sense, but also has two advantages in algorithm implementation. First, the road hierarchy can speed up the path query. Next, the trajectory data can find more reasonable upgrade points (e.g., path query based on road levels need to find the intersection between low-level roads and high-level roads). Experiments show the effectiveness and the efficiency of our method.
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Short Papers
Paper Nr: 24
Title:

CIAO-WPS - Automatic and Intelligent Orchestration of Geospatial Web Services using Semantic Web (Web 3.0) Technologies
Authors:

Chet Bing Tan, Geoff West, David A. McMeekin and Simon Moncrieff
Abstract: Current geospatial datasets and web services are disparate, obscure and difficult to expose to the world. With the advent of geospatial processes utilizing temporal data and big data, along with datasets continually increasing in size, the problem of under-exposed datasets and web services is amplified. Current text search capabilities do not sufficiently expose web services and datasets for use in on-the-fly geospatial use cases. End users are required to know the exact location of these online resources, their format and what they do. For example, to locate an OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium - http://www.opengeospatial.org)-compliant WPS (Web Processing Service) that performs flood modelling, a Google Search for “Flood Modelling WPS” is insufficient to find relevant results. This paper proposes the integration of semantic web concepts and technologies into geospatial datasets and web services, making it possible to link these datasets and services via functionality, the inputs required and the outputs produced. To do so requires the extensive use of metadata to allow for a standardised form of description of their function. There are already ISO (International Organization for Standardization - www.iso.org) standards in place (ISO 19115-1:2014) that specify the schema required for describing geographic information and services. The use of ontologies and AI (Artificial Intelligence) then allows for the intelligent determination of which web services and datasets to use, and in what order they are to be used to achieve the desired final output. This research aims to provide a method to automatically and intelligently chain together web services and datasets to assist in a geospatial analyst’s productivity. A simple prototype termed CIAO-WPS (Chet’s Intelligent, Automatically-Orchestrated Web Processing Services) is created as a proof of concept, using the Python programming language. The prototype seeks to reinforce ideas in regards to pathing and cost constraints, as well as explore overlooked designs.
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Paper Nr: 28
Title:

A Morphological LiDAR Points Cloud Filtering Method based on GPGPU
Authors:

Shuo Li, Hui Wang, Qiuhe Ma and Xuan Zha
Abstract: Because of its large amount of data, airborne LiDAR points cloud filtering is often time-consuming. On the basis of the traditional morphological LiDAR points cloud filtering, a method which adopted the parallel technique based on GPU and assigned the massive operations to be parallel executed in many computing unit to achieve the purpose of fast filtering was proposed. Through the corresponding experiments, the validity and efficiency of the proposed LiDAR points cloud filtering method were verified.
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Paper Nr: 43
Title:

Automated Waterline Extraction for Optimal Land Use - A Case Study in Crete
Authors:

Lemonia Ragia, Vassilis Paravolidakis, Konstantia Moirogiorgou and Michalis Zervakis
Abstract: Coastal areas in Greece play an important role to the economic growth of the country. Especially in the islands as a major tourist destination, new tourist infrastructure is continuously being built. To optimize land use and protect current infrastructure, we need to properly define the waterline. In addition, the waterline is changing dynamically due to climate change and weather conditions, so it has to be monitored. The proposed framework is focused on the automatic extraction of waterline from aerial images using advanced image processing techniques. We plan to integrate the Greek cadastral data in the framework and along with spatial data analysis to be able to proceed with both coastal and cadastral data. Additional functionalities are provided to the planners, through metrics for distance and surface area calculations, in order to extract useful information for sustainable region planning of the coastal area. The results can be visualized in the images with the metrics of interest.
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Paper Nr: 17
Title:

Two Approaches for Dense DSM Generation from Aerial Digital Oblique Camera System
Authors:

Massimiliano Pepe and Giuseppina Prezioso
Abstract: In recent years, in photogrammetric field, have been developed technologies, which consist of multi digital oblique camera, able not only to observe the same target from different angles, but also to determine, thanks to appropriate dedicated software, the geometry. Of particular interest is the new oblique camera system Leica RCD30 that combines vertical (nadir) and oblique cameras according to the “Maltese cross” characteristic scheme. The purpose of this work is to verify the potential of the oblique imagery to provide dense point clouds to realize Digital Surface Model (DSM) to high resolution, where for high-resolution model is meant a representation of the observed scene with a ground sample distance (GSD) of less than 10cm. The dense Digital Surface Models are obtained through two different approaches, one that derived from photogrammetric reconstruction based on graphic processing units (GPU) technique and multi-core CPUs, the other from so-called Structure from Motion (SfM). To analyse the quality both of acquisition systems that the model surface obtained from images, a case study on the Nöllen (Switzerland) area is presented.
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Paper Nr: 40
Title:

Gathering GPR Inspections and UAV Survey in Cultural Heritage Documentation Context
Authors:

Alessandro Arato, Flora Garofalo, Giulia Sammartano and Antonia Spanò
Abstract: The archaeological researches and more generally the Cultural Heritage (CH) documentation and conservation activities have been favourably disposed to the use of new technologies, with renewed and increasing interest in the use of integrated techniques. In the field of Geomatics the advent of advanced technologies has allowed and facilitated multidisciplinary studies as well as combined approaches to the documentation in various contexts. The production of spatially located data (e.g. from active or passive sensors placed in different system segments, from terrestrial to aerial to satellite position) and their interoperability from different source, with the help of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), were then made easier. The work has the aim of investigating the integration of multiple data derived from aerial photogrammetry products through Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) survey, from geophysical Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) prospection technique and analysis of historical maps. An archaeological area in the south of Piedmont (Italy), next to the ancient Roman settlement of Pollentia, has been the test case. The present fulfilled test was objected to exclude ancient presences, although this type of workflow is generally aimed to analyse and compare results in order to formulate some hypothesis about the potential presence of submerged elements or built substructures in the investigated area.
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Paper Nr: 42
Title:

DEM Generation based on UAV Photogrammetry Data in Critical Areas
Authors:

Giulia Sammartano and Antonia Spanò
Abstract: Many Geomatics technologies based on the use of terrestrial and aerial sensor offer a significant support and new potentialities in term of quickness, multi-scale precision, cost-cutting, and in short, sustainability. The 3D data and mapping products, above all the large-scale ones derived from aerial acquisitions (e.g. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, UAV) can be gradually adopted even when the context is not enough accessible or standard airborne data does not fulfill the requested resolution and accuracy. Starting from the availability of large scale UAV data, the paper is mostly purposed to examine the use of tools aimed to generate DEM (Digital elevation model) from DSM (digital surface model) obtained from UAV flights. In literatures many application concern the point cloud data generation from aerial photogrammetry or airborne laser scanner. Several different filtering approaches and algorithms (filtering point along density, direction, slope) are used to derive bare-Earth, but in the test case, the high level of detail of objects, together with the complexity of high slope of ground impose some adaptation. The test is included in a decision-making processes concerning the promotion of Alpine landscape leaded through a project of sustainable mobility. Therefore the DEM generation is used to foresee a possible and sustainable path of the railway rack, achieved by a simple multi-criteria analysis performed by Geographic Information Systems (GIS) tools. In the end an important aspect of the test is the use of open source GIS tools employed in the experience.
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Area 2 - Remote Sensing

Full Papers
Paper Nr: 13
Title:

Investigating the Use of High Resolution Multi-spectral Satellite Imagery for Crop Mapping in Nigeria - Crop and Landuse Classification using WorldView-3 High Resolution Multispectral Imagery and LANDSAT8 Data
Authors:

Tunrayo Alabi, Michael Haertel and Sarah Chiejile
Abstract: Imagery from recently launched high spatial resolution WorldView-3 offers new opportunities for crop identification and landcover assessment. Multispectral WorldView-3 at 1.6m spatial resolution and LANDSAT8 images covering an extent of 100Km² in humid ecology of Nigeria were used for crop and landcover identification. Three supervised classification techniques (maximum likelihood(MLC), Neural Net clasifier(NNC) and support vector machine(SVM)) were used to classify WorldView-3 and LANDSAT8 into four crop classes and seven non-crop classes. For accuracy assessment, kappa coefficient, producer and user accuracies were used to evaluate the performance of all three supervised classifiers. NNC performed best with an overall accuracy(OA) of 92.20, kappa coefficient(KC) of 0.83 in landcover identification using WorldView-3. This was closely followed by SVM with an OA of 91.77%, KC of 0.83. MLC performed slightly lower at an OA of 91.25% and KC of 0.82. Classification of crops and landcover with LANDSAT8 was best with MLC classifier with an OA of 92.12% , KC of 0.89. Cassava at younger than 3 months old could not be identified correctly by all classifiers using WorldView-3 and LANDSAT8 products. In summary WorldView-3 and LANDSAT8 data had satisfactory performance in identifying different crop and landcover types though at varying degrees of accuracies.
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Area 3 - Modeling, Representation and Visualization

Full Papers
Paper Nr: 30
Title:

Automated Segmentation of the Walkable Area from Aerial Images for Evacuation Simulation
Authors:

Fabian Schenk, Matthias Rüther and Horst Bischof
Abstract: Computer-aided evacuation simulation is a very import preliminary step when planning safety measures for major public events. We propose a novel, efficient and fast method to extract the walkable area from highresolution aerial images for the purpose of evacuation simulation. In contrast to previous work, where the authors only extracted streets and roads or worked on indoor scenarios, we present an approach to accurately segment the walkable area of large outdoor areas. For this task we use a sophisticated seeded region growing (SRG) algorithm incorporating the information of digital surface models, true-orthophotos and inclination maps calculated from aerial images. Further, we introduce a new annotation and evaluation scheme especially designed for assessing the segmentation quality of evacuation maps. An extensive qualitative and quantitative evaluation, where we study various combinations of SRG methods and parameter settings by the example of different real-world scenarios, shows the feasibility of our approach.
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Short Papers
Paper Nr: 31
Title:

Development and Integration of an Offline and Open Source Alternative Mapping Solution
Authors:

Antoine Abélard
Abstract: Nowadays, more and more business applications integrate Geographical Information System (GIS) to use and display data at the right place and the right time. However, this integration could face two problems. The first one is the integration cost of a commercial GIS and the second is cartographic data access. Indeed, the web map services used to provide cartographic background are charged depending on queries, so the cost of these services can increase quickly and the bill is not mastered. The second problem has occurred with the end of Microsoft MapPoint, so, this brings up the problem to find an offline mapping solution that can be integrated with business applications. There is a need to fill this gap and answer to these two main problems. This paper presents an offline and open source alternative which allow integration with business applications, a real business case of a truck tour management application has initiated this work.
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Paper Nr: 34
Title:

SNAL: Spatial Network Algebra for Modeling Spatial Networks in Database Systems
Authors:

Lin Qi, Huiyuan Zhang and Markus Schneider
Abstract: Spatial networks such as road networks, river networks, telephone networks, and power networks are ubiquitous spatial concepts deployed, for example, in route planning, communication services, high voltage grid topology analysis, and utility management. Current database systems are unable to efficiently handle, represent, store, query, and manipulate large spatial networks. Moreover, data models of spatial networks in a database context are rare due to their inherently complex nature. This paper offers a conceptual foundation called Spatial Network Algebra (SNAL) for designing, characterizing, and representing spatial networks. A general-purpose abstract model is proposed as a specification for a later implementation of spatial networks in different environments such as spatial database systems and GIS.
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Area 4 - Knowledge Extraction and Management

Full Papers
Paper Nr: 22
Title:

Automating Government Spatial Transactions
Authors:

Premalatha Varadharajulu, Geoff West, David A. McMeekin, Simon Moncrieff and Lesley Arnold
Abstract: The land development approval process between local authorities and government land and planning departments is manual, time consuming and resource intensive. For example, when new land subdivisions, new roads and road naming, and administrative boundary changes are requested, approval and changes to spatial datasets are needed. The land developer submits plans, usually on paper, and a number of employees use rules, constraints and policies to determine if such plans are acceptable. This paper presents an approach using Semantic Web and Artificial Intelligence techniques to automate the decision-making process in Australian jurisdictions. Feedback on the proposed plan is communicated to the land developer in real-time, thus reducing process handling time for both developer and the government agency. The Web Ontology Language is used to represent relationships between different entities in the spatial database schema. Rules on geometry, policy, naming conventions, standards and other aspects are obtained from government policy documents and subject-matter experts and described using the Semantic Web Rule Language. Then when the developer submits an application, the software checks the rules against the request for compliance. This paper describes the proposed approach and presents a case study that deals with new road proposals and road name approvals.
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Paper Nr: 26
Title:

Architectural Heritage Ontology - Concepts and Some Practical Issues
Authors:

Francesca Noardo
Abstract: Interoperability has become fundamental to the management and sharing of the data. For this reason, international standards are published and ontologies are proposed and used for structuring databases in order to assure information retrieval, improved analysis and correct interpretation of the data, besides the interoperability of compliant databases. For thematic data about cultural heritage, standards vocabularies and ontologies EXIST, but are not fully suitable to represent some aspects of architectural heritage. In fact, complex spatial data have to be equally managed using these technologies, for enabling analysis empowered by the inclusion of the spatial and geographical dimension. This could undoubtedly enrich the documentation of architectural heritage. However, few spatial ontologies exist, which are able to correctly represent the complexity and richness of such data. In the paper, an existing ontological model for cartographic urban themes, OGC CityGML, is extended, in order to propose a data schema for the management of architectural heritage multi-scale, multi-temporal and articulated data. The extended parts of the model are explained in the paper. Moreover, some implementation aspects are considered both for the definition of the ontological schema extension and for the management of the data using it.
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Paper Nr: 32
Title:

Semantic Approach for Prospectivity Analysis of Mineral Deposits
Authors:

Sławomir Wójcik, Taha Osman and Peter Zawada
Abstract: Early mineral exploration activities motivates innovative research into cost-effective methods for automating the process of mineral deposits’ prospectivity analysis. At the heart that process is the development of a knowledge base that is not only capable of consuming geodata originating from multiple sources with different representation format and data veracity, but also provides for the reasoning capabilities required by the prospectivity analysis. In this paper, we present an integrative semantic-driven approach that reconciles the representation format of sourced geodata using a unifying metadata model, and encodes the prospectivity analysis of geological knowledge both at the schemata modelling level and through more explicit reasoning rules operating on the semantically tagged geodata. The paper provides valuable insights into the challenges of representation, inference, and query of geospatially-tagged geological data and analyses our initial results into the prospectivity analysis of mineral deposits.
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Short Papers
Paper Nr: 6
Title:

Geoinformation System for Analytical Control and Forecast of the Earth’s Magnetosphere Parameters
Authors:

Andrei V. Vorobev and Gulnara R. Shakirova
Abstract: Geomagnetic field and its variation can influence on systems and objects of various origins. The estimation of the influence requires an effective approach to analyze the principles of distribution of geomagnetic field parameters on the Earth’s surface, its subsoil and in circumterrestrial space. The main thing here is how to register and monitor parameters of geomagnetic field both globally and for the given geodetic coordinates. All data measured and collected about geomagnetic field is distributed in various sources and storages. It is obvious that necessity in integrated information space is very acute. Development of such integrated information space will provide a possibility to get any data about geomagnetic field at any point of the Earth’s surface at any moment of time. The obvious way to solve the problem is to implement innovative information technologies there. In particular the most expectations are about using geoinformation systems to solve the problem. In this paper the authors suggest an approach to study, monitoring, analyze and visualize space weather and geomagnetic field parameters, which is based on modern Web and geoinformation technologies. This solution is the project GEOMAGNET with four web services and mobile applications included.
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Paper Nr: 37
Title:

Towards Association Rules as a Predictive Tool for Geospatial Areas Evolution
Authors:

Asma Gharbi, Cyril De Runz, Sami Faiz and Herman Akdag
Abstract: Although it was basically presented as an exploratory tool rather than a predictive tool, numerous follow up researches have enhanced association rule mining, which contributes in making it a powerful predictive tool. In this context, this paper review the main advances in this datamining technique, then attempts to describe how they can, practically, be harnessed to deal with problems such as the prediction of geographical areas evolution.
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Area 5 - Domain Applications

Short Papers
Paper Nr: 15
Title:

The Intelligent Water Project: Bringing Understanding to Water Pumps in Africa
Authors:

Daniel Scott Weaver, Brian Nejmeh, David Vader and Tony Beers
Abstract: The Intelligent Water Project (IWP), born out of an effort to increase handpump reliability, measures and reports the functionality of handpumps and volume of water extracted on two-hour intervals daily. Additionally, IWP will measure groundwater levels which can be used to evaluate well yields. Data from handpumps is automatically collected and transmitted to a remote database. Once in the database, the data is analyzed and distributed to stakeholders via web and mobile applications and customizable alerts. Besides monitoring water extraction, handpump performance, and borehole health, the IWP system processes data to alert stakeholders of failure or degrading conditions (imminent failure). Coupled with appropriate field management processes, this information can lead to improved handpump availability and lowered cost of ownership. The key goal is to dramatically increase the reliability of handpumps. A secondary goal is the collection of handpump data from all IWP enabled pump sources providing a rich resource of data to enabling WASH practitioners, managers, hydrologist and donors to make more informed decisions.
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Paper Nr: 29
Title:

Development and Application of GIS-based Information System of Landslide Hazard Map Induced by Earthquakes and Rainfall in Korea
Authors:

Han-Saem Kim and Choong-Ki Chung
Abstract: Securing the slope stability for earthquake and rainfall by analysing the behaviour of slope structure is one of the most important parts in landslide disaster preparation, especially in Korea including many mountain areas. However, there is still a lack of systematic research on securing the slope stability for earthquake and rainfall in Korea. Therefore, the systematic research on factors affecting the slope stability and evaluation method of slope stability considering earthquake and rainfall induced factors should be needed. In this study, integrated information system of landslide hazard map during earthquake and rainfall was developed. The developed system built, within the frame of GIS, consists of a database (DB) containing all site information and processed data in the system in the standard data formats, and the system software performing various functions to manage and utilize the data in the database. The system software is functionally divided into an input module, earthquake-induced landslide assessment module, rainfall-induced landslide assessment module, and hazard mapping module. Study area is Cheonggye Mountain and Deogyu Mountain in Korea, and landslide hazard map is constructed by using amplification factor obtained from geometrical characteristics of slope and Severity Level linked with rainfall datasets based on the developed system.
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Paper Nr: 20
Title:

Integrating Regional Travel Forecasting Model and Microscopic Traffic Model to Assist Highway Work Zone Mobility Analysis
Authors:

Hongtao Zhang and Hubo Cai
Abstract: Highways and bridges constitute a nation’s ground transportation infrastructure system to meet a society’s mobility needs, whereas their construction activities frequently cause traffic congestions as a result of partial or complete lane closure. Transportation engineers and planners develop traffic management strategies to minimize this congestion situation, and such strategies can be investigated and evaluated by microscopic traffic simulation models. Historically these models have limitations in analyzing large-scale network problems where the route choice is an issue. A recent trend is to apply the Transportation Analysis and Simulation System (TRANSIMS) to highway work zone analysis in a large-scale area, but input data and model calibration and validation for TRANSIMS remain challenging. Considering that existing transportation studies and traffic surveys data provided by most Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs) are at a macro level, this paper presents a study on developing such an assessment method by integrating regional travel demand forecasting model and microscopic traffic model. In this study, an integrated system was developed upon a platform of a transportation geographical information system (GIST) to embed functions from TRANSIMS. The integrated model was applied in the Ambassador Gateway Reconstruction Project in Detroit to analyze its system-wide work zone mobility impacts.